The Sixth National Congress of the CPC

After the Great Revolution had failed, the CPC was forced to embark on a new course of taking leadership of the revolution on its own. It urgently needed to hold a national meeting to discuss the status of Chinese society and its impact on vital issues such as the nature, targets, motives and future of the Chinese revolution. 

From June 18 to July 11, 1928, the CPC held its Sixth National Congress secretly in Moscow. Participating in the congress were 142 delegates, including 84 formal delegates with voting rights. On behalf of the Fifth Central Committee, Qu Qiubai delivered a political report entitled "The Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party." Zhou Enlai reported on the organization and military affairs, Li Lisan reported on the issue of the peasants, Xiang Zhongfa (1880-1931), on the workers' movement. Comintern representative Nikolai Bukharin (1888-1938) talked about the Chinese revolution and the CPC's tasks.

The Sixth CPC National Congress adopted a number of resolutions on politics, the military, organization, the Soviet regime, the peasants, land, the workers, publicity, ethnicity, women, and the Youth League, and reviewed and adopted a revised Party Constitution. The participants elected a new Central Committee and a Central Review Committee.

The Sixth Central Committee elected a new Political Bureau at its first plenary session after the congress, and elected Su Zhaozheng (1885-1929), Xiang Zhongfa, Xiang Ying (1898-1941), Zhou Enlai and Cai Hesen as members of the Standing Committee, and Li Lisan, Yang Yin (1892-1929) and Xu Xigen (1903-?) as alternate members. Xiang Zhongfa was elected to be chairman of the Political Bureau and of its Standing Committee, while Zhou Enlai was elected secretary-general of the Standing Committee.

The Sixth CPC National Congress was a meeting of historic significance that was held at a particular moment under special conditions. It reviewed the Party's experience since the failure of the Great Revolution and provided basically correct answers to a series of essential questions concerning the Chinese revolution. These included two questions over which there had been heated controversy in the Party. (1) Regarding the nature of Chinese society and Chinese revolution, it concluded that since China was still a semi-colonial, semi-feudal country and since none of the basic problems that had given rise to the revolution had been resolved, it was still a bourgeois-democratic revolution. (2) Regarding the situation of the Chinese revolution and the tasks ahead, the congress concluded that since the revolution was on the low ebb, the Party needed to gain the support of the people, and shift its efforts from organizing uprisings by every possible means to undertaking patient, long-term work among the people.

Due to the historical conditions, the Sixth National Congress of the Party did not provide a full understanding of the characteristics, central tasks and adversaries of the Chinese revolution. But its resolutions did help unify the thinking of the whole Party and play a positive role in the revolution.

中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)

大革命失敗后，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨開始走上了獨(dú)立領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)革命的道路。在關(guān)于中國(guó)社會(huì)性質(zhì)以及革命性質(zhì)、對(duì)象、動(dòng)力、前途等關(guān)系革命成敗的重大問(wèn)題上，迫切需要召開一次黨的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)認(rèn)真加以解決。

1928年6月18日至7月11日，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)在莫斯科秘密召開。出席大會(huì)的代表共142人，其中有表決權(quán)的正式代表為84人。瞿秋白代表第五屆中央委員會(huì)作《中國(guó)革命與共產(chǎn)黨》的政治報(bào)告，周恩來(lái)作組織報(bào)告和軍事報(bào)告，李立三作農(nóng)民問(wèn)題報(bào)告，向忠發(fā)作職工運(yùn)動(dòng)報(bào)告，共產(chǎn)國(guó)際代表布哈林作《中國(guó)革命與中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的任務(wù)》的報(bào)告。

中共六大通過(guò)了關(guān)于政治、軍事、組織、蘇維埃政權(quán)、農(nóng)民、土地、職工、宣傳、民族、婦女、青年團(tuán)等問(wèn)題的決議，審議通過(guò)經(jīng)修改的《中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨章程》。大會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生了新一屆中央委員會(huì)和中央審查委員會(huì)。隨后召開的中共六屆一中全會(huì)選出中央政治局，并選舉蘇兆征、向忠發(fā)、項(xiàng)英、周恩來(lái)、蔡和森為中央政治局常委會(huì)委員，李立三、楊殷、徐錫根為中央政治局常委會(huì)候補(bǔ)委員，選舉向忠發(fā)為中央政治局主席兼中央政治局常委會(huì)主席，周恩來(lái)為中央政治局常委會(huì)秘書長(zhǎng)。

中共六大是在特定歷史時(shí)期和歷史條件下召開的具有重大歷史意義的會(huì)議。大會(huì)認(rèn)真總結(jié)了大革命失敗以來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，在一系列有關(guān)中國(guó)革命的根本問(wèn)題上作出了基本正確的回答。它集中解決了當(dāng)時(shí)困擾中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的兩大問(wèn)題：一是在中國(guó)社會(huì)性質(zhì)和革命性質(zhì)問(wèn)題上，指出現(xiàn)階段的中國(guó)仍然是半殖民地半封建社會(huì)的國(guó)家，引起中國(guó)革命的基本矛盾一個(gè)也沒(méi)有解決，現(xiàn)階段的中國(guó)革命是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)性質(zhì)的民主主義革命。二是在革命形勢(shì)和黨的任務(wù)問(wèn)題上，明確了革命處于低潮，黨的總路線是爭(zhēng)取群眾，黨的中心工作不是千方百計(jì)地組織暴動(dòng)，而是做艱苦的群眾工作，積蓄力量。由于歷史發(fā)展的局限性，中共六大對(duì)中國(guó)革命的特點(diǎn)、中國(guó)革命的中心問(wèn)題、中國(guó)革命的敵人、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的工作重心等問(wèn)題認(rèn)識(shí)不足，但大會(huì)決議傳達(dá)貫徹后，基本上統(tǒng)一了全黨思想，對(duì)革命運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極的作用。