The 863 Plan

Since the 1970s, a new round of revolution in science and technology has seen a surge in creativity and the productive forces, and brought profound changes to the economy and the military, and to politics, society and culture. As high technology has become the focus of international competition, many countries have increased their input to this field and made it a major component of their national strategies.

On March 3, 1986, four renowned Chinese scientists – Wang Daheng (1915-2011), Wang Ganchang (1907-1998), Chen Fangyun (1916-2000) and Yang Jiachi (1919-2006) – wrote a letter to the central leadership in which they proposed developing China's own high technologies. This was endorsed by Deng Xiaoping, who instructed on March 5 that an immediate decision be made on the matter.

Subsequently, the central authorities invited more than 100 experts and specialists to conduct research and work out a plan for high-tech research and development. Fifteen projects in seven fields – biology, information, space technology, lasers, automation, energy and new materials – were chosen as the focus of the effort. As the plan was formulated in March 1986, it was given the name "863." Marine technology was added in 1996.

The goals of the 863 Plan were to tackle pioneering and forward-looking high-tech issues that bore strategic importance to China's future development and national security, to develop high technologies with intellectual property rights, to coordinate their integrated application, and to guide development of new industries. The plan began to be carried out in March 1987, with scientists in different fields working together in pursuit of breakthroughs. This has generated a wealth of experience in high-tech development and industrial transformation.

“八六三”計(jì)劃

20世紀(jì)70年代以來，以高科技為核心的新一輪科技革命對社會生產(chǎn)力的提高和人類創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)揮產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響，引起了經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、軍事、社會、文化等各方面的深刻變化。為了搶占高技術(shù)這一未來國際競爭的制高點(diǎn)，世界上許多國家紛紛加大投入，把發(fā)展高技術(shù)作為國家戰(zhàn)略的主要內(nèi)容。

1986年3月3日，王大珩、王淦昌、陳芳允和楊嘉墀4位科學(xué)家聯(lián)名給中共中央寫信，提出要跟蹤世界先進(jìn)水平、發(fā)展中國高技術(shù)的建議。鄧小平充分肯定了這份建議，并于3月5日作出批示：“此事宜速作決斷，不可拖延。”據(jù)此，中共中央、國務(wù)院迅速組織上百位專家進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格全面的調(diào)查論證，研究制定《高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃綱要》，即堅(jiān)持“有限目標(biāo)、突出重點(diǎn)”的方針，選擇生物、信息、航天、激光、自動化、能源、新材料等7個技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的15個主題項(xiàng)目作為研究發(fā)展重點(diǎn)。這一計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生于1986年3月，又稱“八六三”計(jì)劃。1996年，這一計(jì)劃又增加了海洋技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。

“八六三”計(jì)劃是解決事關(guān)國家長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和國家安全的戰(zhàn)略性、前沿性和前瞻性高技術(shù)問題，發(fā)展具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高技術(shù)，統(tǒng)籌高技術(shù)的集成和應(yīng)用，引領(lǐng)未來新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的計(jì)劃。這一計(jì)劃于1987年3月正式組織實(shí)施，各領(lǐng)域科學(xué)家協(xié)同合作、持續(xù)攻關(guān)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一系列重大技術(shù)突破，探索了中國高技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的道路，為國家高技術(shù)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、積累了寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。