產業扶貧

產業扶貧是一種建立在扶植產業發展基礎上的扶貧開發政策方法，相比一般的產業化發展，更加強調對貧困人群的目標瞄準性和特惠性，更加強調貧困家庭從產業發展中受益。中國農村減貧發展長期重視產業的重要作用，從《國家八七扶貧攻堅計劃（1994-2000年）》，到《中國農村扶貧開發綱要（2011-2020年）》，再到《中共中央 國務院關于打贏脫貧攻堅戰的決定》，均十分重視發展產業促進貧困地區群眾增收的重要性。

打響脫貧攻堅戰以來，中共中央制定貧困地區特色產業發展規劃，針對產業脫貧出臺專項政策：實施貧困村“一村一品”產業推進行動，扶持建設一批貧困人口參與度高的特色農業基地；加強貧困地區農民合作社和龍頭企業培育，發揮其對貧困人口的組織和帶動作用，強化其與貧困戶的利益聯結機制；支持貧困地區發展農產品加工業，加快一二三產業融合發展，讓貧困戶更多分享農業全產業鏈和價值鏈增值收益；加大對貧困地區農產品品牌推介營銷支持力度；依托貧困地區特有的自然人文資源，深入實施鄉村旅游扶貧工程；科學合理有序開發貧困地區水電、煤炭、油氣等資源，調整完善資源開發收益分配政策；探索水電利益共享機制，將從發電中提取的資金優先用于水庫移民和庫區后續發展；引導中央企業、民營企業分別設立貧困地區產業投資基金，采取市場化運作方式，投入到吸引企業到貧困地區從事資源開發、產業園區建設、新型城鎮化發展，等等。

Poverty Alleviation Through Creating New Economic Activity

This is a special policy devised to support poor regions. It targets the poor, gives them preferential treatment, and emphasizes the need to focus on local development.

China has relied on this strategy to help the poor increase their incomes and to end poverty in rural areas. This can be seen in a number of documents, including the Seven-year Program for Lifting 80 Million People Out of Poverty (1994-2000), the Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation of China's Rural Areas (2011-2020), and the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty.

To win the battle against poverty, the central leadership has worked out a plan for developing new economic activity in poor areas with a host of supporting policies:

Every poor village is encouraged to develop one special product of its own, and special farming bases are formed to create jobs for the impoverished population;

Local cooperatives involving farmers and leading enterprises are supported to act as the driving force, and strengthen their ties with poor households;

Poor areas receive support in developing food processing, and accelerate the integrated growth of agriculture, industry and the tertiary sector so that poor households will benefit more from the appreciation earnings of complete industrial and value chains;

Marketing and promotion of farm produce from poor areas will be reinforced;

The natural and cultural potential of poor areas will be tapped to develop rural tourism;

Local hydropower, coal, oil, gas and other resources will be developed in a rational and orderly way, and the policy on distributing the returns from resource development will be adjusted;

A hydropower benefit sharing mechanism will be developed, and the profits produced by power generation will be first used for relocating residents from reservoir zones and for future development of these zones; and

State-owned enterprises and private businesses will be guided to set up investment funds for industrial development in poor areas, and use the market to attract more people to join in the development of local resources, industrial parks and new cities and towns in poor areas.