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| Tourism Resources | ||
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In October 2005, China National Geography and 34 media co-evaluated and co-graded "China's most beautiful places." The result was a compilation of over 100 scenic splendors — divided into 15 types of attraction: mountains, lakes, forests, grasslands, deserts, islands, coastlines, waterfalls, glaciers, gorges, city districts, country towns and villages, show caves, Yadan landforms and wetlands. Tourism resources in China can be divided into three groups — natural sites, historical and cultural sites, and folk customs. Natural Sites There are countless amazing natural sites in the vast expanse of land — high mountains, lakes, gorges, caves, waterfalls, etc. Mount Taishan in the east, Mount Hengshan in the south, Mount Huashan in the west, Mount Hengshan in the north, and Mount Songshan in the center of China have been called the five Sacred Mountains since antiquity. Mount Taishan, in central Shandong Province, is admired by Chinese as paramount among them. Another mountain celebrated for its beauty is Mount Huangshan in southern Anhui Province, known for its graceful pines, grotesque rocks, cloud seas and hot springs. Jiuzhaigou, Huangguoshu Waterfalls, and Guilin are all located in southwestern China. Jiuzhaigou in northern Sichuan Province is a beautiful "fairyland" valley stretching over 40 km and covering a 620 sq km area of snow-capped mountains, lakes, waterfalls, and forests. The Huangguoshu Waterfalls in Guizhou Province is a group of 18 above-ground and four under-ground waterfalls, and can be heard from five km away. The Lijiang River in Guangxi Province has a section of 82 km between Guilin and Yangshuo, which winds its way through karst peaks. On the northwest China plateau are many spectacular lakes, including the Tianchi (Heavenly Pool) in the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Lying 1,980 meters above sea level, this 105-m-deep lake is crystal clear, surrounded by high mountains covered with green grass and colorful flowers. Along the renowned Three Gorges of the Yangtze River are many scenic spots and historical sites. The Qutang Gorge is rugged and majestic. The Wuxia Gorge is elegant, deep and secluded. The Xiling Gorge has many shoals, swift torrents and reefs. The water of lush and green Lesser Three Gorges is so clear that you can see the bottom. The Three Gorges Dam built here is the biggest key hydropower project in China. Historical and Cultural Sites China's long history has left many cultural relics and more than 200 cities bear the title "China Top Tourist City."
A foreign artist playing the guqin zither by the West Lake, Hangzhou The Great Wall, a symbol of the Chinese nation, is a prime example of China's historical sites that have become major tourist attractions. As the greatest defense-structure project in the history of human civilization, it dates back more than 2,000 years ago to the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. With its huge scale and incomparable grandeur, it can be called one of the wonders of the world. Today there are 10 sections of the Great Wall open to tourists, including the passes, blockhouses and beacon towers at Badaling, Laolongtou and Jiayuguan Pass. Grottoes, cliff paintings and sculpture are also splendid treasures of China's tourism resources. China's grottoes are mostly concentrated along the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province. The best known is the Mogao Caves — a "treasure house of oriental art" — with 492 grottoes on the cliff face containing murals and statues. The total area of the murals is about 45,000 sq m and there are over 2,100 colorful statues, all of high artistry and imagination. In the south, grotto art is represented in Sichuan Province by the Leshan Giant Buddha, carved into a cliff face. At 71 meters high and 28 meters wide (shoulders), it is the largest sitting Buddha built of stone, and shows the superb carving skills of ancient craftsmen. Sacred sites of religion and culture are scattered all over the country. The Shaolin Temple in Henan Province, the birthplace of Chinese Zen Buddhism, was first built in 495 and is famous for its Shaolin kungfu martial arts. Here can be seen the famous Ming Dynasty Five-Hundred-Arhats mural, and the Qing period Shaolin kungfu paintings. In Hubei Province, beautiful Wudang Mountain has 72 grotesque peaks within an area of 30 sq km. A sacred site of Daoism, it preserves China's most complete, largest-scale and best ancient Daoist architecture. In western Sichuan Province, Mount Emei, dotted with ancient Buddhist temples, is one of China's four holy mountains of Buddhism. There are 101 famous historical and cultural cities in China, most of which are over 1,000 years old. To the south of the Yangtze River, Suzhou and Hangzhou, long known as "paradise on earth," are crisscrossed with rivers, lakes, bridges, fields and villages, as beautiful as paintings. Today's well preserved Pingyao Old Town in central Shanxi Province was built in the Ming Dynasty but was also a site of Neolithic era Yangshao and Longshan cultures 5,000- 6,000 years ago. The ancient city of Lijiang in Yunnan Province is not only the center of Dongba culture of the Naxi ethnic minority, but also a meeting point for the cultures of Han, Tibetan, Bai and other ethnic groups. Built in the Song Dynasty, this city has many stone bridges, stone memorial arches and civilian houses that provide precious materials for studying the history of Chinese domestic architecture and can be called a "living museum of ancient civilian houses." Folk Customs and Habits Another summer festival is the Nadam Fair on the Mongolian grasslands where the attractions include wrestling, horse racing and archery contests.
Dai ethnic group Water-Splashing Festival "March Street" is celebrated in March annually on Diancang Mountain by the Bai people of Dali, Yunnan Province. It is associated with the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy who helped the Bai people by suppressing a devil and it became traditional to burn incense and offer sacrifices to commemorate her virtues. The festival has become a major annual gathering for Bai commercial, cultural and sports activities. The Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai ethnic group in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, is a lively springtime celebration. People chase and pour water (a symbol of good luck and happiness) over each other, among other activities such as dragon boat racing and peacock dances. Lugu Lake, between Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, has become a tourist destination following the building of a new highway giving access to this area. The matriarchal society of the 30,000 local Mosuo people is noted for its "no marriage" traditions and is called the last women's kingdom on earth. The grace of the Mosuo women, the elegance of their canoes and the undulating singing constitute the "three uniquenesses on the lake." |
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