Private Sector of the Economy
China’s private sector has flourished since the adoption of reform and opening up in 1978, in keeping with the CPC’s guidelines and policies. The basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership develop side by side is a pivotal part of socialism with Chinese characteristics as well as an essential requirement for improving the socialist market economy.
At its third plenary session in 2013, the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that both the public and the private sectors are key components of the socialist market economy and are important foundations for the economic and social development of China.
By the end of 2017, there were more than 27 million private enterprises and more than 65 million individually-owned businesses, with a registered capital exceeding 165 trillion yuan. The private sector contributes more than 50 percent of China’s tax revenues, more than 60 percent of GDP, more than 70 percent of technological innovations, more than 80 percent of urban employment, and more than 90 percent of enterprises. In 2010 only one Chinese private enterprise was in the world’s Top 500 list; that number had grown to 28 in 2018.
The private sector has become an indispensable force behind China’s development. It is a major creator of jobs and start-ups, an essential player in technological innovation, and a major source of the country’s tax revenue. It has played an important role in bolstering the market economy, transformation of government function, transfer of surplus rural labor force, and expansion of the international market.
The private sector is an essential component of the Chinese economic system, and an important fruit of the socialist market economy, which will in turn propel the socialist market economy. It is a major player in boosting supply-side structural reform, backing high-quality development and building a modernized economy. It is also an important force supporting the CPC’s long-term governance and uniting and leading the whole nation in realizing the Two Centennial Goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
非公有制經濟
非公有制經濟，是改革開放以來在黨的方針政策指引下發展起來的。公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，是中國特色社會主義制度的重要組成部分，也是完善社會主義市場經濟體制的必然要求。中共十八屆三中全會提出，公有制經濟和非公有制經濟都是社會主義市場經濟的重要組成部分，都是中國經濟社會發展的重要基礎。截至2017年底，中國民營企業數量超過2700萬家，個體工商戶超過6500萬戶，注冊資本超過165萬億元。概括起來說，民營經濟具有“五六七八九”的特征，即貢獻了50%以上的稅收，60%以上的國內生產總值，70%以上的技術創新成果，80%以上的城鎮勞動就業，90%以上的企業數量。在世界500強企業中，中國民營企業由2010年的1家增加到2018年的28家。民營經濟已經成為推動中國發展不可或缺的力量，成為創業就業的主要領域、技術創新的重要主體、國家稅收的重要來源，為中國社會主義市場經濟發展、政府職能轉變、農村富余勞動力轉移、國際市場開拓等發揮了重要作用。民營經濟是中國經濟制度的內在要素，是社會主義市場經濟發展的重要成果，是推動社會主義市場經濟發展的重要力量，是推進供給側結構性改革、推動高質量發展、建設現代化經濟體系的重要主體，也是中國共產黨長期執政、團結帶領全國人民實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標和中華民族偉大復興中國夢的重要力量。在全面建成小康社會、進而全面建設社會主義現代化國家的新征程中，中國的民營經濟只能壯大、不能弱化。